Can a baby’s eyes be closed in a passport photo?

Sometimes. The US accepts a baby’s eyes not fully open for a passport (not a visa) and the UK accepts closed eyes under age 1, but India’s passport portal requires eyes open, and Canada and Australia don’t say.

Rules checked on · official sources only

What each country says

CountryAnswerOfficial quoteSourceChecked
United StatesPassport Yes, for a passport a baby's eyes may be not entirely open. All other children must have their eyes open. It is okay if a baby's eyes are not entirely open. All other children must have their eyes open. travel.state.gov
United Kingdom Yes, for children under one; their eyes do not have to be open. Children under one do not have to have their eyes open. You can support their head with your hand, but your hand must not be visible in the photo. gov.uk
Canada Not stated directly. A neutral expression means eyes open, but Canada allows some range for infant facial expressions in newborn photos. We know that it’s difficult to get a neutral expression from your newborn. We do allow some range for infant facial expressions. canada.ca
Australia Not stated. The only relaxation for children under 3 is that their mouth may be open. For children under 3 years old, their mouth may be open. But no one else can be visible in the photo. passports.gov.au
India No, per the portal: its guidelines for minors under 4 require the eyes to be open and clearly visible. Show the applicants eyes open & clearly visible, - Should not have hair across the eyes. passportindia.gov.in (PDF)
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Answers quote the official pages linked above. Not affiliated with any government. Final acceptance is up to the issuing authority.