What file size and pixels does a digital passport photo need?

It depends on the document: US online passport renewal 54 KB–10 MB; US visa 600×600 to 1200×1200 px; UK online at least 600×750 px and 50 KB–10 MB; Canada online renewal 1200×1800 to 3000×4500 px and 200 KB–5 MB. Australia and India publish no file rules.

Rules checked on · official sources only

What each country says

CountryAnswerOfficial quoteSourceChecked
United StatesPassport US passport online renewal: 54 KB to 10 MB, no pixel size stated. US visa: square, 600x600 to 1200x1200 pixels (visa file-size limit in note). The file size should be between 54 KB and 10 MB. The image dimensions must be in a square aspect ratio (the height must be equal to the width). Minimum acceptable dimensions are 600 x 600 pixels. Maximum acceptable dimensions are 1200 x 1200 pixels. travel.state.gov
travel.state.gov
United KingdomOnline application UK digital passport photo: at least 600 pixels wide and 750 pixels tall, and between 50KB and 10MB. unaltered by computer software at least 600 pixels wide and 750 pixels tall at least 50KB and no more than 10MB gov.uk
CanadaOnline renewal Online passport renewal only: JPEG, 3:2 portrait, 1,200×1,800 to 3,000×4,500 pixels (width×height), 200 KB to 5 MB, head 45–50% of photo height. be at least 1,800 pixels high by 1,200 pixels wide be no larger than 4,500 pixels high by 3,000 pixels wide be between 200 KB and 5 MB in size have a 3:2 aspect ratio with the camera oriented in portrait mode canada.ca
Australia Not stated by the Australian Passport Office. — passports.gov.au
India Not stated by Passport Seva (India). — passportindia.gov.in
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Answers quote the official pages linked above. Not affiliated with any government. Final acceptance is up to the issuing authority.